I. Theory and the Scientific Method A. Theory - organized system of principles & ideas that help explain phenomenon & make predictions B. Hypothesis - a statement that makes a prediction between 2 or more variables (educated guess) C. Scientific Method - Approach used to discover accurate information about behavior and development 1. Identify and analyze the problem 2. Collect data 3. Draw conclusions 4. Revise theories D. Descriptive Measures 1. Observation *naturalistic - real world settings/natural environment *laboratory - …showed first 75 words of 2149 total…

…showed last 75 words of 2149 total…Self-actualization Aesthetic Cognitive Self-esteem Affiliation Safety Physiological IV. Trait Theories A. Gordon Allport 1. cardinal traits - influence every aspect of a person's personality (nonviolence) 2. central traits - dominant characteristics that organize and control behavior in most situations 3. secondary traits - likes, dislikes, and habits that influence behavior in specific situations B. Big Five Factors 1. extroversion - vs. - introversion 2. friendliness - vs. - hostility 3. neuroticism - vs. - emotional stability 4. conscientiousness 5. openness to new experience